Glossary of Speech & Language Terms
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, or IDEA, defines the term “speech or language impairment” as follows:

“(11) Speech or language impairment means a communication disorder, such as stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.” [34 CFR §300.8(c) (11]

Information on the differences between speech and language, definitions of communication disorders, and additional resources can be found on the following link to the American Speech-Language-Hearing

Articulation is the production of speech sounds. Articulation involves control of breath flow, use of the vocal cords, and shaping and moving the lips and tongue. Therapists may work with students on identifying different sounds, producing sounds, and sequencing these sounds in the correct order.

Language is a set of rules used to communicate thoughts and ideas to others. Receptive Language is the understanding of these rules, and Expressive Language is the use of these rules to communicate ideas. Therapists may address receptive language skills by working with students to develop vocabulary, improve understanding of different concepts, or follow directions. Expressive language therapy may focus on appropriate use of grammar, naming/ labeling objects and concepts, putting words in the right order, and communicating ideas appropriately.

Fluency is the "flow" of speech. When the flow of an individual's speech is "broken up" to such a degree that it interferes with effective communication, a therapist may work with a student to develop and use strategies to improve fluency.

Voice is the quality of an individual's speech (how it "sounds"). A therapist may work with a student on improving vocal quality if it is interfering with clear communication.

Augmentative Communication is the use of any system, item, or method which improves an individual's ability to communicate. Sign language, picture boards, electronic communication devices, and computers are a few examples of augmentative communication. Augmentative communication is rarely a replacement for verbal communication, but rather an addition to verbal communication.